Preventing, Diagnosing, and Treating Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Practical Summary of WHO 2025 Recommendations Introduction Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains the leading cause of maternal mortality globally , accounting for nearly one in five maternal deaths worldwide. The majority of these deaths are preventable through timely prevention, early diagnosis, and standardised treatment. Recognising persistent gaps in care, the World Health Organisation (WHO), in collaboration with the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM), released consolidated evidence-based guidelines in 2025 to harmonise global practice and accelerate reductions in maternal deaths. This article summarises the key recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage , translating the guideline table into practical guidance for frontline health workers and health ...
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Dangers of Excessive Energy Drink Consumption
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Energy drinks have surged in popularity over the past two decades, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Marketed as beverages that enhance physical and cognitive performance, these drinks often contain high levels of caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants. However, the consumption of energy drinks can lead to a range of adverse health effects that warrant serious consideration. This article explores the hidden dangers associated with excessive energy drink consumption and the complications that may arise from their use.
The Composition of Energy Drinks
Energy drinks typically contain a combination of caffeine, sugar, taurine, B vitamins, ginseng, and other herbal extracts. While caffeine is the primary active ingredient responsible for the stimulating effects, the high sugar content can also contribute to various health issues. For example, a standard energy drink can contain up to 30 grams of sugar per serving, which is equivalent to about seven teaspoons. This excessive sugar intake can lead to weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and dental problems.
Short-Term Effects
1. Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
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2. Anxiety and Jitteriness
Excessive caffeine intake can lead to heightened anxiety levels and feelings of jitteriness. Many consumers report experiencing nervousness or restlessness after consuming energy drinks, which can interfere with daily activities and overall well-being.
3. Sleep Disturbances
Caffeine has a half-life of approximately five hours, meaning it can remain in the body for an extended period. Consuming energy drinks late in the day can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia or poor-quality sleep. This lack of rest can create a vicious cycle where individuals consume more energy drinks to combat fatigue.
4. Gastrointestinal Issues
Energy drinks are known to cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea due to the high caffeine and sugar content irritating the stomach lining.
Long-Term Effects
1. Cardiovascular Complications
Long-term consumption of energy drinks has been linked to serious cardiovascular issues. Research indicates that frequent intake may increase the risk of developing hypertension (high blood pressure) and other heart-related conditions. The combination of caffeine with other stimulants found in these beverages may exacerbate these risks.
2. Mental Health Concerns
There is growing evidence that excessive energy drink consumption is associated with mental health issues such as anxiety disorders and depression. Adolescents consuming high amounts of caffeine may experience increased stress levels and mood swings, leading to potential long-term psychological effects.
3. Dependency and Withdrawal
Regular consumption of energy drinks can lead to caffeine dependency. Users may find themselves needing larger quantities to achieve the same stimulating effects over time. Withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating can occur when reducing intake.
4. Increased Risk-Taking Behaviors
Studies have shown a correlation between energy drink consumption and risk-taking behaviors among adolescents and young adults. The stimulating effects may lead individuals to engage in dangerous activities such as reckless driving or substance abuse.
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Conclusion
While energy drinks are marketed as performance enhancers, their excessive consumption poses significant health risks that cannot be overlooked. From immediate effects like increased heart rate and anxiety to long-term complications such as cardiovascular issues and mental health concerns, it is crucial for consumers—especially young people—to understand the potential dangers associated with these beverages.
To mitigate these risks, public health initiatives should focus on educating consumers about the dangers of excessive energy drink consumption and promoting healthier alternatives for boosting energy levels—such as proper nutrition, hydration, and adequate sleep. Regulatory measures could also be considered to limit marketing practices targeting vulnerable populations like adolescents.
In summary, while energy drinks may offer a temporary boost in energy or alertness, their hidden dangers highlight the need for cautious consumption and greater awareness regarding their impact on overall health.
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